Reminiscing concerning the good old days when we were becoming an adult is really a memory trip really worth taking, when trying to understand the problems facing the children of today. A mere Two decades ago, children used to play outside all day, riding bikes, playing sports and building forts. Masters of imaginary games, children of yesteryear created their own type of play that didn’t require costly equipment or parental supervision. Kids of the past moved… a lot, as well as their sensory world was nature based and straightforward. Previously, family time was often spent doing chores, and kids had expectations to satisfy every day. The dining room table was a central place where families came together to eat and discuss their day, and after dinner became the center for baking, crafts and homework.
Today’s families are different. Technology’s impact on the 21st century family is fracturing its very foundation, and causing a disintegration of core values that long ago were what held families together. Juggling work, home and community lives, parents now rely heavily on communication, information and transportation technology to make their lives faster and more efficient. Entertainment technology (TV, internet, videogames, iPods) has advanced so rapidly, that families have scarcely noticed the significant impact and changes for their family structure and lifestyles. A 2010 Kaiser Foundation study demonstrated that elementary aged children experience average 8 hours daily of entertainment technology, 75% of those children have TV’s within their bedrooms, and 50% of North American homes possess the TV on all day long. Add emails, mobile phones, internet surfing, and chat lines, and that we begin to see the pervasive aspects of technology on the house lives and family milieu. Gone is dinning table conversation, replaced through the “big screen” and take out. Children now depend on technology for almost all their play, grossly limiting challenges for their creativity and imaginations, in addition to limiting necessary challenges for their bodies to attain optimal sensory and motor development. Sedentary bodies bombarded with chaotic sensory stimulation, are leading to delays in attaining child developmental milestones, with subsequent effect on foundation skills for achieving literacy. Hard wired for high-speed, today’s young are entering school struggling with self regulation and attention skills necessary for learning, eventually becoming significant behavior management trouble for teachers within the classroom.
So what exactly is the impact of technology on the developing child? Children’s developing sensory and motor systems have biologically not evolved to accommodate this sedentary, yet frenzied and chaotic nature of today’s technology. The impact of rapidly advancing technology on the developing child has seen a rise of physical, psychological and behavior disorders the health and education systems are just beginning to detect, much less understand. Child obesity and diabetes are now national epidemics both in Canada and the US. Diagnoses of ADHD, autism, coordination disorder, sensory processing disorder, anxiety, depression, and sleep problems could be causally associated with technology overuse, and therefore are increasing in an alarming rate. An urgent closer consider the critical factors for meeting developmental milestones, and also the subsequent impact of technology on those factors, would assist parents, teachers and health professionals to higher comprehend the complexities of this issue, and help create effective strategies to reduce technology use. The three critical factors for healthy physical and psychological child development are movement, touch and link with other humans. Movement, touch and connection are forms of essential sensory input which are integral for that eventual growth and development of a child’s motor and attachment systems. When movement, touch and connection are deprived, devastating consequences occur.
Young kids require 3-4 hours per day of active rough and tumble play to achieve adequate sensory stimulation for their vestibular, proprioceptive and tactile systems for normal development. The critical period for attachment development is 0-7 months, in which the infant-parent bond is best facilitated by close contact with the main parent, and a lot of eye-to-eye contact. These types of sensory inputs ensure normal growth and development of posture, bilateral coordination, optimal arousal states and self regulation necessary for achieving foundation skills for eventual school entry. Infants with low tone, toddlers failing to reach motor milestones, and children who’re unable to pay attention or achieve foundation skills for literacy, are frequent visitors to pediatric physiotherapy and occupational therapy clinics. The use of safety restraint devices such as infant bucket seats and toddler carrying packs and strollers, have further limited movement, touch and connection, as have TV and videogame overuse. A lot of today’s parents perceive outdoor play is ‘unsafe’, further limiting essential developmental components usually attained in outdoor rough and tumble play. Dr. Ashley Montagu, that has extensively studied the developing tactile sensory system, reports that when infants are missing out on human connection and touch, they neglect to thrive and several eventually die. Dr. Montagu states that touch deprived infants develop into toddlers who exhibit excessive agitation and anxiety, and may become depressed by early childhood.
As youngsters are connecting increasingly more to technology, society is visiting a disconnect from themselves, others and nature. As little children develop and form their identities, they frequently are incapable of discerning whether or not they are the “killing machine” seen on television and in videogames, or simply a shy and lonely little kid looking for a friend. TV and videogame addiction causes an irreversible worldwide epidemic of mental and physical health disorders, yet we all find excuses to carry on. Where A century ago we required to proceed to survive, we’re now under the assumption we want technology to survive. The issue is the fact that technology is killing what we love the most…connection with other people. The critical period for attachment formation is 0 – 7 months of age. Attachment or connection is the formation of a primary bond between the developing infant and parent, and is integral to that particular developing child’s feeling of safety and security. Healthy attachment formation results in a happy and calm child. Disruption or neglect of primary attachment results in an anxious and agitated child. Family over utilization of technology is gravely affecting not only early attachment formation, but also impacting negatively on child psychological and behavioral health.
Further analysis of the impact of technology on the developing child indicates that while the vestibular, proprioceptive, tactile and attachment systems they are under stimulated, the visual and auditory sensory systems are in “overload”. This sensory imbalance creates huge problems in overall neurological development, as the brain’s anatomy, chemistry and pathways become permanently altered and impaired. Young children who are subjected to violence through TV and videogames have been in a high state of adrenalin and stress, as the body doesn’t realize that what they’re watching is not real. Children who overuse technology report persistent body sensations of overall “shaking”, increased breathing and heartbeat, along with a general state of “unease”. This could best certainly be a persistent hypervigalent sensory system, still “on alert” for that oncoming assault from videogame characters. While the long term results of this chronic state of stress in the developing child are unknown, we all do realize that chronic stress in grown-ups produces a weakened defense mechanisms along with a number of serious diseases and disorders. Prolonged visual fixation on the fixed distance, two dimensional screen grossly limits ocular development necessary for eventual printing and reading. Think about the distinction between visual location on the variety of different shaped and sized objects within the near and far distance (for example practiced in outdoor play), as opposed to taking a look at a fixed distance glowing screen. This rapid intensity, frequency and duration of visual and auditory stimulation produces a “hard wiring” from the child’s sensory system for high speed, with subsequent devastating effects on a child’s capability to imagine, attend and focus on academic tasks. Dr. Dimitri Christakis found that each hour of TV watched daily between the ages of 0 and Many years equated to a 10% rise in attention problems by age seven years.
In 2001 the American Academy of Pediatrics issued a policy statement recommending that youngsters under 2 yrs of age should not use any technology, yet toddlers 0 to two years of age average 2.A couple of hours of TV per day. The Academy further recommended that youngsters over the age of two should restrict usage to 1 hour daily if they have any physical, psychological or behavioral problems, and 2 hours daily maximum if they don’t, yet parents of elementary children are allowing 8 hours per day. France has gone as far as to get rid of all “baby TV” due to the detrimental effects on child development. How can parents carry on living in a world where they are fully aware what is bad for their children, yet do nothing at all to assist them to? It appears that today’s families have been pulled in to the “Virtual Reality Dream”, where everyone believes that life is something which requires a getaway. The immediate gratification received from ongoing use of TV, videogame and internet technology, has replaced the desire for human connection.
It’s important to come together as parents, teachers and therapists to help society “wake up” and see the devastating effects technology has not only on our child’s physical, psychological and behavioral health, but also on the ability to learn and sustain personal and family relationships. While technology is a train that will continually move ahead, knowledge regarding its detrimental effects, and action taken toward balancing using technology with exercise and family time, works toward sustaining our children, in addition to saving our world. While no-one can argue the benefits of advanced technology in today’s world, link with these devices may have led to a disconnection from what society should value most, children. Rather than hugging, playing, rough housing, and speaking with children, parents are increasingly resorting to providing their children with increased videogames, TV’s in the car, and the latest iPods and cell phone devices, creating a deep and widening chasm between parent and child.
Cris Rowan, pediatric occupational therapist and child development expert is promoting a concept termed ‘Balanced Technology Management’ (BTM) where parents manage balance between activities children need for growth and success with technology use. Rowan’s company Zone’in Programs Inc. http://www.zonein.ca has developed a ‘System of Solutions’ for addressing technology overuse in children through the development of Zone’in Products, Workshops, Training and Services.
Cris Rowan is definitely an impassioned occupational therapist that has first-hand understanding and knowledge of how technology can cause profound changes in a child’s development, behavior and their ability to learn. Cris includes a Bachelor of Science in Occupational Therapy, in addition to a Bachelor of Science in Biology, and is a SIPT certified sensory integration specialist. Cris is a member in good standing using the BC College of Occupational Therapists, and an approved provider using the American Occupational Therapy Association, the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists, and Autism Community Training. For the past fifteen years, Cris has specialized in pediatric rehabilitation, employed by on the decade within the Sunshine Coast School District in Bc.